Environmental Markets
Table of Contents
Environmental Market Organizations
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Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP): "Biodiversity offsets only come into play once rigorous steps have been taken first to avoid and minimize impacts. Far better to avoid harm to vulnerable and irreplaceable biodiversity to the extent possible, than to make good on damage later." Kerry Ten Kate, BBOP Director.
- 2016: BBOP Vision, Mission, Goals, Strategy, Plan: “Planning Policies and Projects to Achieve a Net Gain of Biodiversity.” Approved by the BBOP Advisory Group and adopted by the Executive Committee on 20 January 2016.
- 2012: Standard on Biodiversity Offsets. Forest Trends and the Wildlife Conservation Society provided the Secretariat for BBOP during the second phase of BBOP (2009-2012). Publication Data: Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP). 2012. Standard on Biodiversity Offsets. BBOP, Washington, D.C.
- BBOP Publications Library.
- Mitigation Hierarchy
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Ecosystem Marketplace by the Katoomba Group and Forest Trends.
- 2015: Ecosystem Markets and Finance: A Global Primer. Forest Trends Ecosystem Marketplace.
- “The last decade has seen significant growth in demand by government, business, and communities to invest in the enhancement and protection of ecosystem services. This primer summarizes the major ecosystem market segments.”
- 2015: Ecosystem Markets and Finance: A Global Primer. Forest Trends Ecosystem Marketplace.
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International Institute for Environment and Development (iied): Watershed Markets.
- National Mitigation Banking Association:
- Established in 1998, the NMBA promotes federal legislation and regulatory policy that encourages mitigation banking and conservation banking as a means of compensating for adverse impacts to our nation's environment.
Wetland Mitigation Banking
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National Wetlands Mitigation Action Plan:
- A 17-actions plan drafted by an inter-agency team from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Army Corps of Engineers, and the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Interior, and Transportation of the U.S.
- Addresses areas of concern, including data collection and availability, clarifying performance standards, improving accountability, and integrating mitigation into the watershed approach.
- The plan endorses the goal of no net loss of wetlands and outlines specific action items that address the concerns of the National Academy of Sciences, General Accounting Office, and other independent evaluations.
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U.S. EPA Wetland Mitigation/Banking Guidance.
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"Banks and Fee" Study (Environmental Law Institute):
- Provides citizen groups, local, state, and federal agencies, the public, and the regulated community with the information they need to evaluate the ability of wetland mitigation banking and in-lieu-fee mitigation to achieve their regional wetland conservation and land use planning objectives.
- Conservation Markets for Agriculture: Issue and Discussion Paper. (2008). Don Stuart. American Farmland Trust.
- Appendix C: Models for Wetland and Aquatic Resource Mitigation Markets and Agriculture.
Conservation Banking
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2014: Gaining Depth: State of Water Investment. (2014) Forest Trends. Washington, D.C., 02 September 2014
- "Last year, governments and companies invested $12.3 billion (B) in initiatives implementing nature-based solutions to sustain the world’s clean water supplies."
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2014: New Forests Sector Overview: Conservation Assets, Forest Carbon & Mitigation Banking.
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S. FWS):
- Guidance for the Establishment, Use, and Operation of Conservation Banks.
- Information for private landowners, states, and the Endangered Species Act.
- State of California:
- Official Policy on Conservation Banking.
Payments for Watershed Services (PWS)
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All that Glitters: A Review of Payments for Watershed Services in Developing Countries. (2010). Ina Porras, Maryanne Grieg-Gran, Nanete Neves. International Institute for Environment and Development (iied).
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Innovations in Market-Based Watershed Conservation in the United States: Payments for Watershed Services for Agricultural and Forest Landowners. (June 2011). Terhi Majanen, Rachel Friedman, and Jeffrey C. Milder. Ecoagriculture Partners.
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International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) Project on “Developing Markets for Watershed Protection and Improved Livelihoods”:
- Since its inception in 2003, the project has worked with, and learned from, the real-time efforts of those trying to set up and develop payments for watershed services (PWS) in ways that address both land use and livelihood challenges.
- 2012: Briefing. “Paying for Watershed Services: An Effective Tool in the Developing World?” International Institute for Environment and Development (iied).
- 2012: Briefing. “Payments for coastal and marine ecosystem services: prospects and principles.” International Institute for Environment and Development (iied).
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Watershed Markets: Payments for Watershed Markets: Information from Schemes in Developing Countries. International Institute for Environment and Development (iied).
- Links to Case Studies from: Bolivia, China, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, South Africa, Tanzania, and Various Countries involved in Pro-Poor Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa (PRESA), and Rewarding Upland Poor for Environmental Services (RUPES).
- Developing Markets for Watershed Services. International Institute for Environment and Development (iied).
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) / Compensation & Rewards for Ecosystem Services (CRES)
- Assessing the Effects of USDA Conservation Practices on Wetland Ecosystem Services in California's Central Valley. Proposal. Dr. Walter G. Duffy. Submitted by Humboldt State University Sponsored Programs Foundation. Submitted to U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Research Units.
- Common Pool Resource Management and PES: Lessons and Constraints for Water PES in Tanzania. (2010). Brendan Fisher, Kassim Kulindwa, Iddi Mwanyoka, R. Kerry Turner, Neil D. Burgess. Ecological Economics 69(6): 1253-1261.
- Ecosystem Services:A Guide for Decision Makers. (2008). Janet Ranganathan, Ciara Raudsepp-Hearne, Nicolas Lucas, Frances Irwin, Monika Zurek, Karen Bennett, Neville Ash, Paul West. World Resources Institute (WRI).
- Ecosystem Services as a Framework for Forest Stewardship: Deschutes National Forest Overview. (August 2011). Nikola Smith, Robert Deal, Jeff Kline, Dale Blahna, Trista Patterson, Thomas A. Spies, and Karen Bennett. United States Department of Agriculture: Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-852.
- Ecosystem Service Market Development: The Role and Opportunity for Finance. (March 2010). Prepared by: Ray Hartwell and Bruce Aylward (Ecosystem Economics LLC), Sue Lurie and Sally Duncan (Institute of Natural Resources), and Katrina Van Dis (Central OR Intergovernmental Council). The Bullitt Foundation.
- Giving Credit Where Credit is Due: Increasing Landowner Compensation for Ecosystem Services. (April 2011). Gina L. LaRocco and Robert L. Deal. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Forest Service General Technical Report.
- Innovations in Market-Based Watershed Conservation in the United States: Payments for Watershed Services for Agricultural and Forest Landowners. (June 2011). Terhi Majanen, Rachel Friedman, and Jeffrey C. Milder. EcoAgriculture Partners.
- Markets and Payments for Environmental Services. International Institute for Environment and Development (iied).
- Payments for Ecosystem Services: A California Rancher Perspective. (September 2011). Molly Cheatum, Frank Casey, Pelayo Alvarez, and Ben Parkhurst. Conservation Economics and Finance Program White Paper.
- Payments for Watershed Services Regional Synthesis. (October 2010). Theo Dillaha, Paul Ferraro, Marjorie Huang, Douglas Southgate, Shyam Upadhyaya, and Sven Wunder. The Nature Conservancy.
- Publications and Payments for Ecosystems / Environmental Services (PES): Articles and Briefings, from International Institute for Environment and Development (iied).
- Releasing the Pressure: Water Resource Efficiencies and Gains for Ecosystem Services - Policy Brief. (2012). Patrick Keys, Jennie Barron. United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP).
- Valuing Ecosystem Services from Wetlands Restoration in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. (March 2010). W. Aaron Jenkins, Brian C. Murray, Randall A. Kramer, Stephen P. Faulkner. Ecological Economics. Vol 69(5): 1051-1061.
- Water Funds and Payments for Ecosystem Services: Practice Learns from Theory and Theory can Learn from Practice. (2012). Rebecca L. Goldman-Benner, Silvia Benitez, Timothy Boucher, Alejandro Calvache, Gretchen Daily, Peter Kareiva, Timm Kroeger, and Aurelio Ramos. Cambridge Journals.
Case Studies
Bolivia
- 2008: “Payments for Environmental Services in Developing and Developed Countries.”
- 2008: “Selling two environmental services: In-kind payments for bird habitat and watershed protection in Los Negros, Bolivia” Ecological Economics Volume 65, Issue 4, Pages 675–684. Nigel M. Asquitha, Maria Teresa Vargasa, Sven Wunderb. Abstract.
Costa Rica
- 2012:“Payments for Environmental Services in Costa Rica: From Rio to Rio and Beyond.”. (May 2012). iied Brief.
- 2010: “Fair and Green? Social impacts of payments for environmental services in Costa Rica.” Ina Porras (iied). Report.
- 2010: “Refining the Social Filter for Green Payments: Focused Data on Costa Rica’s Poor Farmers Will Help Get Payments for Protecting Forests Where They Count.” iied Reflect & Act Briefing.
Uganda
- 2016: “Cash for Carbon: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Payments for Ecosystem Services to Reduce Deforestation.” (October 13, 2016). Seema Jayachandran, Joost de Laat, Eric F. Lambin, Charlotte Y. Stanton.
- 2016: Washington Post Article: “A cheap, simple experiment just found a very effective way to slow deforestation.” (July 6, 2016). Chris Mooney.
- 2013: Paying local communities for ecosystem services: The Chimpanzee Conservation Corridor. International Institute for Environment and Development (iied).
- 2010: “Developing an Experimental Methodology for Testing the Effectiveness of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) to Enhance Biodiversity Conservation in productive landscapes in Uganda.” Project Overview.
Regional Programs
- Silvio Pastoral: Columbia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua:
- Regional Integrated Silvopastoral Ecosystem Management Project.
Environmental Market Publications
- Banking on Green: A Look at How Green Infrastructure Can Save Municipalities Money and Provide Economic Benefits Community-Wide. (April 2012). Jeffrey Odefey, Stacey Detwiler, Katie Rousseau, Amy Trice, Roxanne Blackwell, Kevin O'Hara, Mark Buckley, Tom Souhlas, Seth Brown, Pallavi Raviprakash. Joint Report by American Rivers, the Water Environment Federation, the American Society of Landscape Architects, and ECONorthwest.
- Bibliography by USDA: Data and modeling for environmental credit trading.
- A Business Model Framework for Market-Based Private Financing of Green Infrastructure. (December 2014). Great Lakes Protection Fund (GLPF).
- Case Studies in Integrated Water Resources Management: From Local Stewardship to National Vision. (November 2012). Edited by: Brenda Bateman and Racquel Rancier. American Water Resources Association.
- Conservation Planning for Ecosystem Services. (November 2006). Kai M.A. Chan, M. Rebecca Shaw, David R. Cameron, Emma C. Underwood, Gretchen C. Daily. PLOS Biology.
- Convert Natural Resource Liabilities into Business Assets. (2005). Jessica Fox. Road Ecology Center.
- Data and Modeling Infrastructure for National Integration of Ecosystem Services into Decision Making: Expert Summaries. (November 2016). National Ecosystem Services Partnership. Working Paper 16-02.
- Developing a Vision and Roadmap for Source Water Protection for U.S. Drinking Water Utilities. (2012). Karen Sklenar and Chi Ho Sham (Cadmus Group, Inc.), and Richard W. Gullick (Environmental Engineering & Technology, Inc.). Water Research Foundation.
- Eco-Asset Management: Banking on Nature's Fortune. (December 2003). M. Miller. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Electricity Technology Roadmap Limiting Challenge #12, Final Report.
- Ecosystem Multiple Markets:
- ETN project funded by the GLPF, exploring the use of environmental markets to simulate ecosystem restoration.
- Concept Summary
- White Paper Draft Report
- Ecosystem Services: A Guide for Decision Makers. (2008). WRI.
- Electric Utilities and Water: Emerging Issues and R&D Needs. (2003). Thomas J. Feeley III and Massood Ramezan. Water Environment Federation, 9th Annual Industrial Wastes Technical and Regulatory Conference. San Antonio, TX.
- Environmental Impact Bonds. (2013). David J. Nicola. CASE i3 Working Paper. Edited by Catherine H. Clark.
- Environmental Markets: Opportunities and Risks for Business. (July 2006). Business for Social Responsibility (BSR).
- Federal Resource Management and Ecosystem Services Guidebook. (2016). National Ecosystem Services Partnership, Duke University.
- Fish Protection at Steam Electric Power Plants - Program 54. (2011). Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). EPRI 2011 Research Portfolio.
- The Future of Wetlands Mitigation Banking. (2005). Leonard Shabman and Paul Scodari. Choice Magazine Vol.20(1).
- Green, Clean, and Dollar Smart: Ecosystem Restoration in Cities and Countryside. (2010). Lynn Scarlett. Environmental Defense Fund.
- Guide to Corporate Ecosystem Valuation: A Framework for Improving Decision-Making. (April 2011). World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
- The Importance of Operation and Maintenance for the Long-Term Success of Green Infrastructure: A Review of Green Infrastructure O&M Practices in ARRA Clean Water State Revolving Fund Projects. (March 2013). US EPA Office of Water. PA-832-R-12-007.
- An Innovative System for the Efficient and Effective Treatment of Non-traditional Waters for Reuse in Thermoelectric Power Generation: Final Technical Report. (November 2008). John H. Rodgers, Jr., Ph.D., and James W. Castle, Ph.D. United States Department of Energy Award # DE-FG26-05NT42535.
- Insights from the Field: Forests for Water. (February 2012). John Talberth, Erin Gray, Evan Branosky, and Todd Gartner. World Resources Institute (WRI) Issue Brief 9.
- Market and Payments for Ecosystem Services. (2006). Yale Forest Forum Review. Vol. 9 (1).
- Market-Based Case Studies Involving Eco-Asset Management on Non-Mined Lands. Doug Lashley. GreenVest.
- The National Forum on Synergies between Water Quality Trading and Wetland Mitigation Banking:
- July 2005
- Aimed at advancing point/nonpoint source trading by identifying "lessons learned" from wetland mitigation banking and at exploring the potential role wetlands can play in providing water quality credits as part of a watershed-scale trading program.
- Final Report
- New Business Decision-Making Aids in an Era of Complexity, Scrutiny, and Uncertainty: Tools for Identifying, Assessing, and Valuing Ecosystem Services. (May 2011). Sissel Waage, Kit Armstrong, Linda Hwang, and Ken Bagstad. BSR's Ecosystem Services, Tools, and Markets Working Group.
- Nonpoint Source and Carbon Sequestration Credit Trading: What Can the Two Learn from Each Other?. (2003). K. Stephenson and D. Bosch.
- Potential of a Payments for Ecosystem Services Scheme to Improve the Quality of Water Entering the Sydney Catchments. (2016). Ashley A. Webb, Paul V. Martin. 18(1). Abstract.
- Private Sector Uptake of Ecosystem Services Concepts and Frameworks: The Current State of Play. (March 2013). Sissel Waage and Corinna Kester. BSR.
- Public Interest Energy Research: 2013 Annual Report. (2014). Mirviss, Lillian. California Energy Commission, Energy Research and Development Division. Publication Number: CEC-500-2014-035-CMF.
- The Quiet (R)Evolution in Expectations of Corporate Environmental Performance: Emerging Trends in the Uptake of Ecosystem Services. (April 2012). Sissel Waage, Linda Hwang, and Kit Armstrong. BSR's Ecosystem Services Working Group.
- Ranching for Marine Conservation. (2009). Ricky Booth. Cattle Call. Blog Post.
- The State of Ecosystem Services. (2009). B. Searle and S. Cox. The Bridgespan Group.
- Stacking Ecosystem Services Payments: Risks and Solutions. (September 2011). David Cooley and Lydia Olander. Nicholas Institute Working Paper. NI WP 11-04.
- Stacking Opportunities and Risks in Environmental Credit Markets. (2011). Jessica Fox, Royal C. Gardner, and Todd Maki. Environmental Law Institute.
- Status of Markets for Ecosystem Services. (2010). The Pinchot Letter. 15(1).
- Sustainable Water Resources Management. (2010). Project Manager: J. Moeller. EPRI Project Managers: T. Taylor and R. Goldstein. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).
- U.S. National Opinion Survey on Stacking Environmental Credits: Definition, Status, and Predictions of Wetland, Species, Carbon, and Water Quality Credit Stacking. (December 2011). J. Fox and T. Maki. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).
- Use of Mine Pool Water for Power Generation - Update. (September 2006). J.A. Veil and M.G. Puder. Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory.
- Valuing Ecosystem Services from Wetlands Restoration in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. (February 2009). B. Murray, A. Jenkins, R. Kramer and S. Faulker, Duke University.
- Wetlands and Water Quality Trading: Review of Current Science and Economic Practices with Selected Case Studies. (July 2007).